The continous mining system is a working circuit system where if one of the systems stops then the other parts will stop as well. Therefore, proper coordination and synergy is required from all the mining tools in BWE. The system and the associated task force, so as not to appear hours of obstruction that will affect the realization of production targets.
Methods in continous mining include:
- Based on working floor position (planum)
a. High cut
b. High step
c. Deep step
d. Double deep step
- Based on bucket digging
a. Terrace cut
b. Dropping cut
c. Selective mining
d. Combination cut
- Based on the shape of the dig block
a. Front digging method ( frontworking or face working)
b. Half block workingmethod
c. Full blockworkingmethod
In the process of stripping the overburden and its disposal can be divided into 3 stages, namely stripping, transporting, and disposal. The three stages require tools in the form of:
a. BWE as a stripping tool,
b. Conveyor Excavator (CE) and Conveyor Dump (CD) as means of transportation,
c. Tripper Car as conveyor dump link with spreader,and
d. Spreader as a ground spreader.
The series of excavation work to the coal hoarding area, namely, the process of disposal, transportation, and stacking in stockpiles or filling to cars. All three processes require tools in the form of:
a. BWE as a coal mining tool,
b. Conveyor Excavator (CE) and Coal Conveyor (CC) as coal hauling equipment,
c. Stacker Reclaimer as a tool to stockpile coal into stockpiles, as well as to fill into train cars.
Production factors are very influential in achieving BWE production targets. SPF and Operation Time will be directly proportional to production. If SPF and Operation Time are low, production will also be low and vice versa.
Factors affecting BWE production
In conducting excavation activities, many things affect the achievement of production, including:
1. Tool factor
The factors that affect bwe excavation or excavation capacity are:
a. Characteristics of materials and buckets
b. Excavation Speed
c. Bucket capacity design and bucket count
d. Number and shape of bucket teeth
2. Natural factors
a. Material Violence
Material hardness affects production because BWE (bcm/minute) capability is a function of bucket filling numbers. The higher the bucket filling rate, the greater the production achieved. BWE can only conduct excavations efficiently if the excavated material has a hardness below 5000 kpa.
This type of material will have a great effect on BWE construction because when digging up this hard material there will be high vibrations that will cause damage to the construction of BWE. In order not to occur vibration, into the penetration of the bucket gear and the speed of the spin of the dig wheel must be reduced so that it will lower the SPF.
b. Sticky material ( sticky material)
This type of sticky material will cause the digging ground that has entered the bucket not to spill into the belt on tire 1, but will fall to the working floor or co-spin with the bucket so that on the next charge the bucket is not fully charged.
c. Abrasive material
This abrasive material will affect the wear speed of the bucket gear. As a result, the penetration of the bucket gear cannot be too deep so the bucket filling becomes low.
d. Selective mining
It is a digging system by selecting the coal or soil layer by BWE,where the working principle of BWE digs the coal on it against a thin layer of soil cover due to the remaining BWE excavation on the top layer.
The purpose of selective mining is to obtain clean coal in accordance with market demand standards. To get clean coal, BWE had to dig carefully so that BWE could not fill its bucketsoptimally. The condition indicates that selective mining also affects SPF.
e. Working surface conditions
The working surface conditions encountered are related to the geometry of the excavation block. It also affects SPF which also includes block height, block width, and block thickness.
This working surface condition is a pattern in which BWE can work freely, safely, and accordingly.
f. Operator Capability
Operator capabilities that greatly affect SPF values are as follows:
1. Ability to limit swing angle (slewing) and swing direction reversal.
2. Skill in switching slices so that bucket filling numbers remain high
3. Operator's abilityto inching so that there is nooverload or less full bucket.
g. Specific production factor (SPF)
Speciic production factor (SPF) improves the capacity/performance parameters of land transfer from BWE. SPF is obtained from a comparison between the volume of soil and coal extracted and the time of excavation.
To calculate the real capacity of the excavator bucket wheel,it can be determined by using the following equations:
Qny = Vb/Ef
Where:
QNy = actual capacity (bcm/hour or bcm/min)
Vb = field measuring dig volume (bcm)
Ef = effective up time (hours or minutes)
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